Learn how to use more relative time expressions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Pim: สวัสดีค่ะ (sà-wàt-dii khâ) |
| Ryan: Ryan here! Beginner Season 1 , Lesson 11 - When Did You Go to That Place in Thailand? |
| Pim: Hi, my name is Pim, and I am joined here by Ryan. |
| Ryan: Hello, everyone and welcome back to ThaiPOD101.com |
| Pim: What are we learning today? |
| Ryan: In this lesson you'll will learn how to use more relative time expressions. |
| Pim: This conversation takes place at the university library. |
| Ryan: The conversation is between three students, James, Nune, and Phueng. |
| Pim: The speakers are friends, therefore they will be speaking informal Thai. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ผึ้ง: ขอนั่งด้วยได้ไหมจ๊ะ |
| (phûeng: khǎaw nâng dûuai dâai mǎi já.) |
| นุ่น: ได้เลยจ้ะผึ้ง |
| (nûn: dâai looei jâ phûeng.) |
| (เสียงเลื่อนเก้าอี้) |
| ((sound of pulling out a chair)) |
| ผึ้ง: เอ้อ...เมื่อกี๊ได้ยินมาจากเบนซ์ว่าเจมส์ กับนุ่นจะไปปายกับพวกเราเหรอจ๊ะ |
| (phûeng: ôoe...mûuea-gîi dâi yin maa jàak been wâa jeem gàp nûn jà bpai bpaai gàp phûuak-rao rǔue já.) |
| เจมส์: ใช่แล้วครับ |
| (jeem: châi láaeo khráp.) |
| ผึ้ง: เห็นเบนซ์เล่าให้ฟังด้วยว่าเจมส์เคยไปล่องแก่งที่แม่น้ำโคโลราโด้ด้วย เจมส์ไปมาเมื่อไหร่เหรอคะ |
| (phûeng: hěn been lâo hâi fang dûuai wâa jeem kooei bpai lâawng-gàaeng thîi mâae-náam khoo-loo-raa-dôo dûuai. jeem bpai maa mûuea-rài rǔue khá.) |
| เจมส์: ไปมาเมื่อตอนอยู่ม.หกครับ |
| (jeem: bpai maa mûuea dtaawn yùu maaw hòk khráp.) |
| ผึ้ง: สนุกไหมคะ |
| (phûeng: sà-nùk mǎi khá.) |
| เจมส์: สนุกมากครับแต่กลัวนิดหน่อย |
| (jeem: sà-nùk mâak khráp. dtàae gluua nít-nàwy.) |
| ผึ้ง: ว่าแต่...เวลาว่างเจมส์ชอบทำอะไรคะ |
| (phûeng: wâa dtàae...wee-laa wâang jeem châawp tham à-rai khá.) |
| เจมส์: ชอบเล่นกีต้าร์ ชอบเล่นบาสเกตบอล แล้วก็ชอบดูหนังครับ |
| (jeem: châawp lên gii-dtâa châawp lên báas-gét-bawn láaeo gâaw châawpduu nǎng khráp.) |
| นุ่น: ถ้าอย่างนั้นเจมส์ก็เอากีต้าร์ไปปายด้วยสิ จะได้เล่นกีต้าร์ให้เพื่อนๆฟังตอนทานข้าว |
| (nûn: thâa yàang nán jeem gâaw ao gii-dtâa bpai bpaai dûuai sì. jà dâai lên gii-dtâa hâi phûuean-phûuean fang dtaawn thaan khâao.) |
| Ryan: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| ผึ้ง: ขอนั่งด้วยได้ไหมจ๊ะ |
| (phûeng: khǎaw nâng dûuai dâai mǎi já.) |
| นุ่น: ได้เลยจ้ะผึ้ง |
| (nûn: dâai looei jâ phûeng.) |
| (เสียงเลื่อนเก้าอี้) |
| ((sound of pulling out a chair)) |
| ผึ้ง: เอ้อ...เมื่อกี๊ได้ยินมาจากเบนซ์ว่าเจมส์ กับนุ่นจะไปปายกับพวกเราเหรอจ๊ะ |
| (phûeng: ôoe...mûuea-gîi dâi yin maa jàak been wâa jeem gàp nûn jà bpai bpaai gàp phûuak-rao rǔue já.) |
| เจมส์: ใช่แล้วครับ |
| (jeem: châi láaeo khráp.) |
| ผึ้ง: เห็นเบนซ์เล่าให้ฟังด้วยว่าเจมส์เคยไปล่องแก่งที่แม่น้ำโคโลราโด้ด้วย เจมส์ไปมาเมื่อไหร่เหรอคะ |
| (phûeng: hěn been lâo hâi fang dûuai wâa jeem kooei bpai lâawng-gàaeng thîi mâae-náam khoo-loo-raa-dôo dûuai. jeem bpai maa mûuea-rài rǔue khá.) |
| เจมส์: ไปมาเมื่อตอนอยู่ม.หกครับ |
| (jeem: bpai maa mûuea dtaawn yùu maaw hòk khráp.) |
| ผึ้ง: สนุกไหมคะ |
| (phûeng: sà-nùk mǎi khá.) |
| เจมส์: สนุกมากครับแต่กลัวนิดหน่อย |
| (jeem: sà-nùk mâak khráp. dtàae gluua nít-nàwy.) |
| ผึ้ง: ว่าแต่...เวลาว่างเจมส์ชอบทำอะไรคะ |
| (phûeng: wâa dtàae...wee-laa wâang jeem châawp tham à-rai khá.) |
| เจมส์: ชอบเล่นกีต้าร์ ชอบเล่นบาสเกตบอล แล้วก็ชอบดูหนังครับ |
| (jeem: châawp lên gii-dtâa châawp lên báas-gét-bawn láaeo gâaw châawpduu nǎng khráp.) |
| นุ่น: ถ้าอย่างนั้นเจมส์ก็เอากีต้าร์ไปปายด้วยสิ จะได้เล่นกีต้าร์ให้เพื่อนๆฟังตอนทานข้าว |
| (nûn: thâa yàang nán jeem gâaw ao gii-dtâa bpai bpaai dûuai sì. jà dâai lên gii-dtâa hâi phûuean-phûuean fang dtaawn thaan khâao.) |
| Ryan: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| ผึ้ง: ขอนั่งด้วยได้ไหมจ๊ะ |
| (phûeng: khǎaw nâng dûuai dâai mǎi já.) |
| Phueng: OK if I sit here too? |
| นุ่น: ได้เลยจ้ะผึ้ง |
| (nûn: dâai looei jâ phûeng.) |
| Nune: Of course, Phueng. |
| (เสียงเลื่อนเก้าอี้) |
| ((sound of pulling out a chair)) |
| (sound of pulling out a chair) |
| ผึ้ง: เอ้อ...เมื่อกี๊ได้ยินมาจากเบนซ์ว่าเจมส์ กับนุ่นจะไปปายกับพวกเราเหรอจ๊ะ |
| (phûeng: ôoe...mûuea-gîi dâi yin maa jàak been wâa jeem gàp nûn jà bpai bpaai gàp phûuak-rao rǔue já.) |
| Phueng: Hey, I just heard from Benz that you two are going to go to Pai with us. |
| เจมส์: ใช่แล้วครับ |
| (jeem: châi láaeo khráp.) |
| James: That's right. |
| ผึ้ง: เห็นเบนซ์เล่าให้ฟังด้วยว่าเจมส์เคยไปล่องแก่งที่แม่น้ำโคโลราโด้ด้วย เจมส์ไปมาเมื่อไหร่เหรอคะ |
| (phûeng: hěn been lâo hâi fang dûuai wâa jeem kooei bpai lâawng-gàaeng thîi mâae-náam khoo-loo-raa-dôo dûuai. jeem bpai maa mûuea-rài rǔue khá.) |
| Phueng: Benz also told me that you went rafting before on the Colorado River. When did you go there, James? |
| เจมส์: ไปมาเมื่อตอนอยู่ม.หกครับ |
| (jeem: bpai maa mûuea dtaawn yùu maaw hòk khráp.) |
| James: I went when I was a senior in high school. |
| ผึ้ง: สนุกไหมคะ |
| (phûeng: sà-nùk mǎi khá.) |
| Phueng: Was it fun? |
| เจมส์: สนุกมากครับแต่กลัวนิดหน่อย |
| (jeem: sà-nùk mâak khráp. dtàae gluua nít-nàwy.) |
| James: It was a lot of fun, but I was also a little scared. |
| ผึ้ง: ว่าแต่...เวลาว่างเจมส์ชอบทำอะไรคะ |
| (phûeng: wâa dtàae...wee-laa wâang jeem châawp tham à-rai khá.) |
| Phueng: So...what do you like to do in your free time, James? |
| เจมส์: ชอบเล่นกีต้าร์ ชอบเล่นบาสเกตบอล แล้วก็ชอบดูหนังครับ |
| (jeem: châawp lên gii-dtâa châawp lên báas-gét-bawn láaeo gâaw châawpduu nǎng khráp.) |
| James: I like to play the guitar and play basketball. I also like to watch movies. |
| นุ่น: ถ้าอย่างนั้นเจมส์ก็เอากีต้าร์ไปปายด้วยสิ จะได้เล่นกีต้าร์ให้เพื่อนๆฟังตอนทานข้าว |
| (nûn: thâa yàang nán jeem gâaw ao gii-dtâa bpai bpaai dûuai sì. jà dâai lên gii-dtâa hâi phûuean-phûuean fang dtaawn thaan khâao.) |
| Nune: In that case, you should take your guitar to Pai too. You can play guitar for our friends to hear at dinnertime. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Ryan: So khruu Pim, can you explain why James said “maaw hok” when talking about his senior year of high school? |
| Pim: Sure. In Thailand, school is divided between 6 years of elementary and 6 years or secondary school. Elementary school is called ประถม bprà-thǒm. We use the abbreviation “bpaaw” plus a number 1 through six to say the grade level. And secondary school is called มัธยม mát-thá-yom. For this, we use the abbreviation “maaw” plus the number to say the grade level. |
| Ryan: OK, I get it. So “maaw hok” means the sixth grade of secondary school, which is equal to senior year of high school in the American system. |
| Pim: Exactly. Children in Thailand also go to kindergarten before elementary school. The word for kindergarten is อนุบาล à-nú-baan. Most kindergartens have 3 grade levels. |
| Ryan: Wow! Three years of kindergarten? Well, I suppose Thai children do have more letters of the alphabet to learn than their western counterparts. Ok, now let’s move on to the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Ryan: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is: |
| Pim: เมื่อกี้ (mûuea-gîi) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: a moment ago |
| Pim: เมื่อกี้ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: เมื่อกี้ [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: เวลาว่าง (wee-laa wâang) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: free time |
| Pim: เวลาว่าง [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: เวลาว่าง [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: ยิน (yin) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to hear |
| Pim: ยิน [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: ยิน [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: เล่า (lâo) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to tell |
| Pim: เล่า [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: เล่า [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: ฟัง (fang) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to listen |
| Pim: ฟัง [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: ฟัง [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: กลัว (gluua) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: afraid |
| Pim: กลัว [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: กลัว [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: ดู (duu) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: to look, to watch |
| Pim: ดู [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: ดู [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: เพื่อนๆ (phûuean-phûuean) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: friends |
| Pim: เพื่อนๆ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: เพื่อนๆ [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Pim: หนัง (nǎng) [natural native speed] |
| Ryan: film, movie |
| Pim: หนัง [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Pim: หนัง [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Ryan: Let's have a closer look at the usuage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Pim: จ๊ะ (já) and จ้ะ (jâ) |
| Ryan: These are polite ending particles used exactly like khá and khâ at the end of a sentence. |
| Pim: That’s right. The high tone จ๊ะ (já) is for questions, and the falling tone จ้ะ (jâ) is used for regular statements. |
| Ryan: So when can you use these instead of khá and khâ? |
| Pim: These are used for more casual speech. Like if I wanted to say “thanks” to my friend, instead of ขอบคุณค่ะ I can say ขอบใจจ้ะ . |
| Ryan: Is it only used by women? |
| Pim: It’s more commonly used by women, but men can use this one too. |
| Ryan: And the next phrase is... |
| Pim: ได้ยินว่า... (dâai yin wâa…) |
| Ryan: “I heard that...”. |
| Pim: ได้ยิน (dâai yin) means “was able to hear” or “got to hear”, and ว่า wâa means “that”. |
| Ryan: So in a sentence this would be followed by the information that was heard. |
| Pim: That’s right. For example, I could say ได้ยิน์ว่าคุณไม่ชอบอาหารทะเล |
| Ryan: “I heard that you don’t like seafood.” Who did you hear that from? |
| Pim: Well, if you want to say who you heard it from, we can add that to the sentence. Just use มาจาก, which means “coming from” followed by the name of the person you heard it from. So in this case, maybe I’d say ได้ยินมาจากเจมส์ว่าคุณไม่ชอบอาหารทะเล (dâai yin maa jàak jeem wâa khun mâi châawp aa-hǎan-thá-lee), |
| Ryan: “I heard from James that you don’t like seafood.” And let’s go over one more phrase quickly... |
| Pim: ใช่แล้ว (châi láaeo) |
| Ryan: It literally means “correct already”. But it’s used to say “That’s right” when you want to emphasize that what someone had just said is correct. Isn’t that right? |
| Pim: ใช่แล้ว (châi láaeo), “That’s right!” |
| Ryan: OK now on to the grammar section. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Ryan: The focus of today’s grammar is more relative time expressions. |
| Pim: There are three words that get used a lot to say “at the time of “, “during”, or “when”. They are เมื่อ (mûuea), ตอน (dtaawn), and เวลา (wee-laa). |
| Ryan: are they completely interchangeable? |
| Pim: Not completely. Sometimes it doesn’t matter which one you use. But there are also certain expressions that always use one of these words in particular, and some expressions that just sound more natural with one of the words. |
| Ryan: OK, let’s start with เมื่อ (mûuea). It’s usually translated as “when”. And in fact it makes up half of the question word for “when?” เมื่อไหร่ . Did we also see it somewhere else before? |
| Pim: Yes, it’s also part of the expression เมื่อกี่ (mûuea-gîi) which meant “Just a moment ago”. There is another similar phrase เมื่อก่อน (mûuea gàawn) that means “earlier”, “previously”, or “before”. |
| Ryan: How might you use it in a sentence? |
| Pim: เมื่อก่อนเขาบอกว่าจะไม่ไป (mûuea gàawn khǎo bàawk wâa jà mâi bpai) |
| Ryan: “Before he had said he wasn’t going to go.” |
| Pim: We can also use เมื่อ (mûuea) in very general situations to say “when” as in “When such and such happens...” |
| Ryan: Like “When I’ve got a problem...” |
| Pim: ใช่แล้ว (châi láaeo), That’s right. “Problem” in Thai is ปัญหา (bpan-hǎa). So เมื่อมีปัญหา (mûuea mii bpan-hǎa) means “when there’s a problem”. OK, how about an example. คุย is a verb that means “to talk” or “to chat”. So what does this sentence mean? เมื่อฉันมีปัญหาชอบคุยกับคุณแม่ (mûuea mii bpan-hǎa châawp khui gàp khun mâae) |
| Ryan: “When I have a problem I like to talk with my mother.” Can we hear that again broken up into halves? |
| Pim: เมื่อฉันมีปัญหา (mûuea mii bpan-hǎa) |
| Ryan: “When I have a problem...” |
| Pim: ชอบคุยกับคุณแม่ (châawp khui gàp khun mâae) |
| Ryan: “... I like to talk with my mother.” OK, how about the next word, ตอน (dtaawn)? |
| Pim: We’ve already seen this one too, such as ตอนเช้า “in the morning” and ตอนบ่าย “in the afternoon”. It’s often used when you want to say “During the time of such and such...” |
| Ryan: Do you you mean like “During my childhood...”? |
| Pim: ใช่แล้ว (châi láaeo), That’s right again. The regular way to express the term “childhood” in Thai is the phrase ตอนเป็นเด็ก (dtaawn bpen dèk). It literally means “During the time of being a child”. Can you guess what this means? ตอนเป็นเด็กดิฉันดื้อมาก (dtaawn bpen dèk dì-chǎn dûue mâak) |
| Ryan: Let’s see...we have ตอนเป็นเด็ก (dtaawn bpen dèk) “In childhood”, then ดิฉัน (dì-chǎn) “I” for a female speaker, and finally ดื้อมาก (dûue mâak). I know มาก (mâak) means “very”. So then the whole sentence would be “In my childhood, I was very...” something. What does ดื้อ (dûue) mean? Smart? pretty? polite...? |
| Pim: ไม่ใช่ค่ะ, your answers are not correct. ตอนเป็นเด็กดิฉันดื้อมาก (dtaawn bpen dèk dì-chǎn dûue mâak) means “I was very naughty in my childhood.” |
| Ryan: OK, and finally we have เวลา (wee-laa) which means “time”. |
| Pim: It too can be used in expressions meaning “at the time of” or during a certain type of time. For example, เวลาว่าง (wee-laa wâang). ว่าง (wâang) is the verb “to be free,” so เวลาว่าง (wee-laa wâang) means “during free time”. I could say เวลาว่างน้องสาวชอบไปซื้อของ (wee-laa wâang náawng-sǎao châawp bpai súue khǎawng) |
| Ryan: “My little sister likes to go shopping in her free time.” |
| Pim: เวลา (wee-laa) can also specify the time when some type of action takes place. For example เวลาทานข้าว (wee-laa thaan khâao) “when eating a meal.” How would you say “Father likes to watch TV when he eats a meal.” |
| Ryan: Would it be คุณพ่อชอบดูทีวีเวลาทานข้าว (khun phâaw châawp duu thii-wii wee-laa thaan khâao) |
| Pim: Right. Now this is the most natural sounding way to say this sentence, but it wouldn’t be wrong to use one of the other time words. For example, you could also say |
| คุณพ่อชอบดูทีวีตอนทานข้าว (khun phâaw châawp duu thii-wii dtaawn thaan khâao).. |
Outro |
| Ryan: That just about does it for today. |
| Pim: There's nothing like a little competition... |
| Ryan: even against yourself! |
| Pim: Test what you've learned in this lesson with our fun review quizzes! |
| Ryan: Master vocabulary, grammar, and vocabulary with short, challenging quizzes. |
| Pim: Find these quizzes on the lessons page at ThaiPod101.com |
| Ryan: See you next time! |
| Pim: แล้วพบกันใหม่ค่ะ (láaeo phóp gan mài khâ) |
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